3D in situ stress state modelling and fault reactivation risk exemplified in the Ruhr region (Germany)

Throughout the 700-yearlong coal exploration period in Ruhr region, an abundance of geological, geophysical, seismic, and situ stress data was obtained from Carboniferous strata. In this study, we take advantage unique dataset to develop a static 3D geomechanical model predict spatially continuous distribution undisturbed state evaluate reactivation risk major fault zones. Compared point-wise information, provides effective tool for planning subsurface operations assessing seismic hazards areas where no information is available. The developed validated against comprehensive calibration including results geophysical logging, borehole deformation, fault-slip analysis, hydrofracturing measurements, subsidence, microseismicity, observations mining activities. Consequently, interpretation assessment their uncertainties, reliability, limitations, perspectives are discussed. possible applications approach hazard prediction utilization deep geothermal energy region outlined. • in-situ quantification using numerical modelling presented. Developed dataset. Spatially operations. It expected that NW-SE NNW-SSE geological structures critically stressed. SW best suited resources.